Sources & Citations

Data Center Land Requirements

4 primary sources 2 categories We publish the receipts

Thermal & density standards

ASHRAE · Uptime

ASHRAE Technical Committee 9.9 thermal guidance for high-density data center computing — defines air-cooling cliff (50-60 kW/rack) and liquid-cooling thresholds that shape footprint and acreage requirements.

ASHRAE TC 9.9 — Mission Critical Facilities, Data Centers, Technology Spaces View source

Uptime Institute Global Data Center Survey on rack density distribution — confirms approximately 8 kW average typical density and ~1% of operators above 100 kW/rack.

Uptime Institute Global Data Center Survey 2024 View source

Power tariff & grid data

EIA · LBNL

U.S. Energy Information Administration Electric Power Monthly — publicly tracked retail commercial-industrial power tariffs by state and utility, used as the baseline for site-by-site cost modeling.

U.S. Energy Information Administration — Electric Power Monthly View source

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ‘Queued Up: 2024 Edition’ — 5-year median U.S. interconnection wait, ~2,600 GW in queue, drives the site-selection emphasis on behind-the-meter generation.

LBNL — “Queued Up: 2024 Edition” View source

These are the primary sources behind our research. Have a better one, or spot an error? Tell us — we’ll correct it.